What does exposure in photography refer to?

Exposure in photography primarily refers to the amount of light reaching the camera sensor. This concept is fundamental because exposure directly impacts how light or dark an image appears. It determines the overall brightness and tonal quality of a photograph. Proper exposure is crucial for capturing details in both the highlights and shadows of the image, allowing for a more balanced and visually appealing photograph.

In practical terms, exposure is controlled through three main settings: aperture, shutter speed, and ISO. Each of these parameters influences the volume of light that enters the camera. For instance, a wider aperture allows more light in, a slower shutter speed keeps the sensor exposed to light for a longer duration, and a higher ISO setting increases the sensor's sensitivity to light.

Understanding exposure is essential for photographers to master because it not only affects the aesthetic quality of their images, but also how effectively they can convey mood and atmosphere.