What does texture refer to in photography?

Texture in photography specifically refers to the surface quality of the subject being captured. This involves the tactile qualities that can be perceived visually, such as smoothness, roughness, softness, or hardness. Texture adds depth and interest to an image, allowing viewers to get a sense of the material and form of the subject. It is an essential element that can enhance the overall composition and evoke feelings or sensations in the viewer.

For instance, photographing a weathered wooden surface can convey a sense of age and character, while capturing the smooth surface of a shiny object can give a feeling of modernity or polish. Effective use of texture can support the narrative of the photograph and guide the viewer's eye to key areas of interest.

The other options focus on different aspects of photography. While patterns in the background can contribute to an image’s visual appeal, they do not define texture. Color balance pertains to the harmony and accuracy of colors in the image, which is distinct from the concept of texture. Lastly, while shape is an important element in photography, it primarily pertains to form and contour rather than the surface quality that texture embodies.