What happens when an image is under-exposed?

When an image is under-exposed, it means that the camera has not allowed enough light to reach the sensor or film during the exposure time. This lack of sufficient light results in an image that appears darker than it should be, often leading to lost details in the shadows and a general lack of visibility throughout the photo. This state of under-exposure can make it difficult to discern what is in the image, as important aspects can become obscured in the darkness.

In photography, obtaining the right exposure is crucial for capturing images that accurately reflect the intended scene. Understanding concepts such as under-exposure helps photographers learn to adjust their camera settings — such as aperture, shutter speed, and ISO — to achieve a well-balanced image.