Which principle involves arranging elements to create harmony and balance?

The principle that involves arranging elements to create harmony and balance is symmetry. Symmetry refers to the balanced arrangement of elements on either side of a central axis. In photography, this can create a sense of order and stability, drawing the viewer's eye to the central focal point. When a composition exhibits symmetry, it evokes feelings of calmness and aesthetic appeal, as our brains are wired to find symmetry pleasing.

For instance, a perfectly symmetrical photograph may feature subjects or objects placed equally on both sides of a central line, leading to a visually balanced image. This principle not only applies to the layout of objects but also to colors and shapes within the frame, enhancing the overall harmony of the photograph.

In contrast, the other principles like proportion, scale, and asymmetry deal with different aspects of composition. Proportion refers to the size relationship between different elements, scale relates to the size of an object compared to its environment, and asymmetry involves a more dynamic and less orderly composition that may create tension or interest in a photograph, rather than the harmony that symmetry provides.